瞬时受体电位 (TRP) 通道是各种细胞和环境信号的传感器。哺乳动物总共表达28种不同的TRP通道蛋白，根据氨基酸序列同源性可分为7个亚家族：TRPA（Ankyrin）、TRPC（Canonical）、TRPM（Melastatin）、TRPML（Mucolipin）、TRPN（NO-mechano） -潜力，NOMP），TRPP（多囊藻毒素），TRPV（香草酸）。它们是在多种组织和细胞类型中发现的一类离子通道，可渗透多种阳离子，例如 Ca 2+、Mg 2+、Na +、K +， 和别的。TRP 通道负责各种感觉反应，包括热、冷、疼痛、压力、视觉和味觉，并且可以被多种刺激激活。它们主要位于细胞表面，与众多生理信号通路相互作用，以及 TRP 通道独特的晶体结构，使 TRP 成为有吸引力的药物靶点，并使其参与多种疾病的治疗。在此，我们回顾了TRP通道发现的历史，总结了TRP离子通道家族的结构和功能，并重点介绍了目前对TRP通道在人类疾病发病机制中作用的认识。最重要的是，我们描述了 TRP 通道相关的药物发现、疾病治疗干预以及针对 TRP 通道在潜在临床应用中的局限性。
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TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins, which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology: TRPA (Ankyrin), TRPC (Canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPN (NO-mechano-potential, NOMP), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPV (Vanilloid). They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and others. TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat, cold, pain, stress, vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli. Their predominantly location on the cell surface, their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways, and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Here, we review the history of TRP channel discovery, summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family, and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease. Most importantly, we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery, therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.